@article{Zhang15_PUC,
title = {Eye Tracking for Public Displays in the Wild},
author = {Yanxia Zhang and Ming Ki Chong and Jörg Müller and Andreas Bulling and Hans Gellersen},
url = {https://perceptual.mpi-inf.mpg.de/files/2015/07/Zhang15_UC.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/s00779-015-0866-8},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-07-03},
journal = {Personal and Ubiquitous Computing},
volume = {19},
number = {5},
pages = {967-981},
abstract = {In public display contexts, interactions are spontaneous and have to work without preparation. We propose gaze as a modality for such con- texts, as gaze is always at the ready, and a natural indicator of the user’s interest. We present GazeHorizon, a system that demonstrates sponta- neous gaze interaction, enabling users to walk up to a display and navi- gate content using their eyes only. GazeHorizon is extemporaneous and optimised for instantaneous usability by any user without prior configura- tion, calibration or training. The system provides interactive assistance to bootstrap gaze interaction with unaware users, employs a single off-the- shelf web camera and computer vision for person-independent tracking of the horizontal gaze direction, and maps this input to rate-controlled nav- igation of horizontally arranged content. We have evaluated GazeHorizon through a series of field studies, culminating in a four-day deployment in a public environment during which over a hundred passers-by interacted with it, unprompted and unassisted. We realised that since eye move- ments are subtle, users cannot learn gaze interaction from only observing others, and as a results guidance is required.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}